Mao Tse-Tung

Mao Tse-Tung

Historical Figure
Nationality:	China
Year of Birth:	1893
Year of Death:	1976
Cause of Death:	Complications arising from Parkinson's Disease
Religion:	Buddhism, later
Occupation:	Author of Non-Fiction, Philosopher, Politician, Revolutionary, Soldier
Parents:	Mao Yichang and Wen Qimei
Spouse:	Luo Yixiu (1910) Yang Kaihui (d. 1930) He Zizhen (divorced 1937) Jiang Qing (1939–1976)
Children:	Several
Political Party:	Chinese Communist Party
Political Office(s):	Leader of the Communist Party of China (de facto Paramount Leader of the PRC as of 1949) (1943-1976) Chairman of the PRC (1954-1959)
Fictional Appearances:

Mao Tse-tung (Pinyin Mao Zedong; Chinese 毛泽东; 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese military and political leader who led the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) to victory against the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.

Mao promoted and supported communist governments in other countries, especially in other Asian countries. The clearest example of this was his decision in November 1950 to commit the PRC's military forces to support North Korea in the Korean War, preventing the United Nations from destroying that regime and demonstrating the ability of the Chinese military to fight a superpower to a standstill.

Mao's theories and military strategies and political policies are collectively known as Maoism or Marxism–Leninism–Maoism.

Mao Tse-Tung in The Hot War[]

In October 1950, Mao Tse-Tung intervened in the Korean War and dispatched Chinese troops to aid North Korea after UN troops crossed the 38th Parallel. The Chinese intervention completely surprised the UN forces. The Chinese troops succeeded in cutting off three divisions of U.S. troops between the Chosin Reservoir and Hungnam, and throughout November 1950, those U.S. troops were destroyed.^[1]

In response, U.S. President Harry Truman authorized General Douglas MacArthur to use atomic weapons in China if they were the only way to improve the situation.^[2] That decision was made on 23 January 1951, and the U.S. bombed several strategic positions in Manchuria.^[3] In response, Mao convinced his ally, Joseph Stalin, to launch atomic attacks on U.S. allies in Europe, beginning World War III.^[4]

The Hot War _{POD: November, 1950}
Appearance(s):	Bombs Away; Fallout; Armistice
Type of Appearance:	Contemporary references
Political Office(s):	Leader of the Chinese Communist Party

Despite the war in Europe, Mao focused on the fighting in Korea, insuring a steady flow of arms to the North Koreans.^[5] To insure the flow remained steady, Mao pushed for rapid repairs to the places the U.S. had atom bombed. By April 1951, the rail line through Harbin was functional again.^[6] For the remainder of 1951, Chinese and North Korean troops pushed south.^[7] The lines stalemated south of Chongju, with the Americans and the Chinese intermittently taking shots at one another throughout June and July 1951.^[8] This stalemate was broken when the Soviets dropped atom bombs on Pusan and Chongju in South Korea in August,^[9] Chinese and North Korean troops poured through the hole the Soviet's had created,^[10] driving UN troops south to Kaeryong,^[11] where their stubborn resistance stabilized the lines once gain.^[12]

For his own part, Mao realized that the U.S. would certainly do its best to kill him with an atomic bomb. He made a habit of staying in one town for a day or two at a time before moving on.^[13] Joseph Stalin used a similar tactic. However, in June, 1952, American intelligence located Stalin in Omsk and deployed the new hydrogen bomb, killing Stalin and destroying Omsk.^[14]

Despite this turn of events, Mao remained defiant, promising that the forces of revolution would be victorious.^[15] However, NATO attacks on North Korean and Chinese infrastructure began taking a toll. In August, 1952, the Chinese government approached the government of Yugoslavia to open up talks with the U.S. While Marshal Tito was a "deviationist" in Mao's eyes, Yugoslavia was one of the handful of countries to maintain relations with both the U.S. and the P.R.C.

Chinese Foreign Minister Chou En-Lai proposed a return to the status quo ante bellum in Asia if the U.S. ended its bombing campaign against China. Chou further promised that North Korea would withdraw its forces north of the 38th Parallel. Yugoslavian Foreign Minister Edvard Kardelj met with President Truman in Philadelphia with Chou's proposal. Satisfied that Kim would withdraw, Truman accepted Chou's plan, and the war officially ended on all fronts.^[16]

Mao Tse-Tung in Worldwar[]

Worldwar _{POD: May 30, 1942}
Appearance(s):	Upsetting the Balance through Aftershocks
Type of Appearance:	Direct
Military Branch:	People's Liberation Army (World War II, Race Invasion of Tosev 3)

Stalin-Mao — Joseph Stalin provided Mao with much support as he continued his struggle against the Race in China after the Peace of Cairo.

Mao Tse-Tung was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and for all intents and purposes, the People's Liberation Army. As such, he was a critical leader of resistance to first the invading Japanese from 1937 on, and then against the Race when its Conquest Fleet invaded in 1942.

Prior to 1942, Mao, in addition to fighting Japan, had been locked in a war with China's official leader, Chiang Kai-Shek. The threat the Race posed was too great to allow Mao to continue fighting Chiang, and he made common cause with the Nationalists, and even with Japanese forces stranded in China. The popular front did not preserve China's independence; it was overrun effectively by the Race.^[17] Still, Mao sought to assert his himself, even ordering aid Nieh Ho-Ting to demand the PLA inclusion at peace talks in Cairo.^[18] This demand was rejected preemptorily by the Race.^[19] Even after Nieh, on Mao's orders, suggested that the PLA would get its hands on an explosive-metal bomb, the Race did not yield.^[20] In response to the slight, Mao adopted a proposal by Liu Han the PLA launch a series of hard-hitting attacks against the Race, a reminder to the aliens that they would not rule China indefinitely.^[21]

Mao-Chiang — Like so many old enemies, Mao and Chiang Kai-Shek were forced to unite in their opposition to the Race's presence in China. Here they celebrate the liberation of Peking

This plan set the tone for Chinese resistance for the decades that followed, making China one of the most restive Race Colonies on Tosev 3. The Communists took the lead, with tremendous material support from the Soviet Union (though Mao strongly distrusted Joseph Stalin and found Vyacheslav Molotov even harder to work with, a feeling that was mutual; Molotov was more than willing to cut Mao off if it helped the USSR.)^[22]. He was also helped by the United States when the USSR proved unreliable.^[23]

In 1963, Mao's forces temporarily expelled the Race from Peking, Shanghai, and other Chinese cities with the help of other Chinese factions.^[24] They were not able to hold the cities long.^[25] After a second more successful rebellion in 1965 using shoulder fired missiles,^[26] they were able to force the Race's authorities to treat with them diplomatically,^[27] though mutual distrust hampered the negotiations. The Race refused to recognize China as independent in the territory it controlled, fearing it would be the beginning of the end of their rule on Earth if they did.^[28] Mao's forces still held Peking into 1966^[29] but were ultimate defeated. Still, rebellion continued to simmer in China in the decades that followed.^[30]

Despite being a very effective guerrilla leader, Mao never attained his ultimate goal: the possession of an explosive-metal bomb.

Mao Tse-Tung in The War That Came Early[]

The War That Came Early _{POD: July 20, 1936; Relevant POD: September 29, 1938}
Appearance(s):	Hitler's War; The Big Switch
Type of Appearance:	Contemporary references

Mao Tse-Tung was fighting an effective guerrilla war against the Japanese forces that occupied China, although his supporters both foreign and domestic tended to be fellow Communists.^[31]^[32]

In early 1939, Corporal Pete McGill of the United States Marine Corps learned that Mao had a taste for sex with very young women. McGill thought the information might come in handy later, and so passed it along to his superiors.^[33]

Mao Tse-Tung in "The Phantom Tolbukhin"[]

"The Phantom Tolbukhin" _{POD: c. 1937}
Type of Appearance:	Contemporary reference

By 1947, Mao Tse-Tung's Red Chinese continued to struggle against Japanese occupation, much as Fedor Tolbukhin's Fourth Ukrainian Front did against the Germans.^[34]

Mao Tse-Tung in Joe Steele[]

*Joe Steele* _{POD: 1878; Relevant POD: July, 1932}
Novel or Story?:	Both
Type of Appearance:	Contemporary reference

Mao Tse-Tung was a Chinese Red who led a civil war against the government of Chiang Kai-Shek before, during and after World War II, including the period when Japan had invaded China.^[35] In August 1945, the Soviet Union pushed Japan out of China. However, Soviet Premier Leon Trotsky ensured that Manchuria went to Mao.^[36] Throughout the remainder of the 1940s, Mao gained on Chiang's forces,^[37] until, in October 1949, just two months after the end of the Japanese War, Mao and his Reds pushed Chiang's forces off of the Chinese mainland.^[38]

The U.S. had backed Chiang, and refused to recognize Mao. For a time, U.S. President Joe Steele had considered using atomic bombs to support Chiang, as they'd effectively ended the Japanese War. However, the Soviet ambassador to the U.S., Andrei Gromyko, suggested that any U.S. atomic attack in China might be met with a Soviet atomic attack in Europe.^[39]