Jozef Pilsudski Historical Figure Nationality: Poland (born in Russian Empire, in what is now Lithuania) Religion: Catholicism Date of Birth: 1867 Date of Death: 1935 Cause of Death: Liver Cancer Occupation: General, Politician Spouse: Maria Koplewska (married 1899, died 1921) Alexandra Szczerbinska (married 1921, until Pilsudski's death in 1935) Affiliations: Polish Socialist Party Turtledove Appearances: The War That Came Early POD: July 20, 1936; Relevant POD: September 29, 1938 Appearance(s): West and East Type of Appearance: Posthumous reference

Józef Klemens Piłsudski (1867–1935) was Chief of State (1918–22), "First Marshal" (from 1920) and (1926–35) the authoritarian leader of the Second Polish Republic. From mid-World War I he had a major influence in Poland's politics, and was an important figure on the European political scene. He is considered largely responsible for Poland's regaining its independence in 1918, after 123 years of partitions. Piłsudski managed to wrestle the control of Wilno from Lithuanians, but was unable to incorporate much of his Lithuanian homeland to the newly resurrected Polish State.

Early in his political career, Piłsudski became a leader of the Polish Socialist Party. Concluding, however, that Poland's independence would have to be won by force of arms, he created the Polish Legions. In 1914 he anticipated the outbreak of a European war, the Russian Empire's defeat by the Central Powers, and the Central Powers' defeat by the western powers. When World War I broke out, he and his Legions fought alongside the Austro-Hungarian and German Empires to ensure Russia's defeat. In 1917, with Russia faring badly in the war, he withdrew his support from the Central Powers.

From November 1918, when Poland regained independence, until 1922, Piłsudski was Poland's Chief of State. In 1919–21 he commanded Poland's forces in the Polish-Soviet War. In 1923, with the Polish government dominated by his opponents, particularly the National Democrats, he withdrew from active politics. Three years later he returned to power with the May 1926 coup d'état, and became the de facto dictator of Poland. From then until his death in 1935, he concerned himself primarily with military and foreign affairs.

For at least thirty years until his death, Piłsudski pursued, with varying degrees of intensity, two complementary strategies, intended to enhance Poland's security: "Prometheism", which aimed at breaking up, successively, Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union into their constituent nations; and the creation of an Intermarum federation, comprising Poland and several of her neighbors. Though a number of his political acts remain controversial, Piłsudski's memory is held in high esteem by his compatriots.

Jozef Pilsudski in The War That Came EarlyEdit

Jozef Pilsudski had waged war against Russia during the Russian Civil War, expanding Polish territory into territory claimed by both Russia and the newly-independent Lithuania. Russia's successor state, the Soviet Union, pressed irredentist claims against Poland for the territory Pilsudski had "stolen." In 1939, the Soviet Union went to war to make good on these claims and retake the land Pilsudski had seized.^[1]

1. ↑ West and East, pg. 71.

Political offices (OTL)
Preceded by None (Independence regained) (eventually Regency Council)	Chief of State of the Republic of Poland 1918–1922	Succeeded by Gabriel Narutowicz President of the Republic
Preceded by Juliusz Tarnawa-Malczewski	Minister of Military Affairs 1926–1935	Succeeded by Tadeusz Kasprzycki
Preceded by Kazimierz Bartel	Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland 1926–1928	Succeeded by Kazimierz Bartel
Preceded by Walery Sławek	Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland 15 August – 4 December 1930	Succeeded by Walery Sławek
Military offices (OTL)
Preceded by none	Commandant of the Brigade I of the Polish Legions 1914–1916	Succeeded by Marian Żegota-Januszajtis
Preceded by Władysław Sikorski	Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Army 17 December 1922 – 9 June 1923	Succeeded by Stanisław Haller
Preceded by none	General Inspector of the Armed Forces 1926–1935	Succeeded by Edward Rydz-Smigly

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