England is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total population of the United Kingdom, whilst the mainland territory of England occupies most of the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. Elsewhere, it is bordered by the North Sea, Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, Bristol Channel and English Channel.

England became a unified state during the 10th century and takes its name from the Angles, one of a number of Germanic tribes who settled in the territory during the 5th and 6th centuries. The capital of England is London, which is the largest urban area in Great Britain.

Many Harry Turtledove stories feature characters referring to the United Kingdom as "England", which remains a common, if incorrect, colloquiallism. Thus, in most stories with a Point of Divergence after 1707, characters who refer to England usually mean Britain.

England in Agent of ByzantiumEdit

The Anglelanders settled in Britannia when the Roman Empire withdrew its legions in the Fourth century (hence the Angle name of Angleland) eventually forming a kingdom which continued to the Fourteenth century. Being the neighbors (and in many cases, the enemies) of the Franco-Saxons, they had some common interests with the Byzantine Empire, who bordered the Franco-Saxons in the other direction. However, Anglelander-Bynzantine alliances were temporary and fraught with mutual suspicion.

England in AtlantisEdit

England was on the verge of civil war in 1452. When Edward Radcliffe and his sons learned of the existence of Atlantis, they saw an opportunity to escape from England's more oppressive institutions, the war included. Subsequently, the war drove even more refugees to Atlantis, creating the colonies of New Hastings, Freetown, and Bredestown.

The strong presence of English settlers in Atlantis insured that the conflicts of the home island would impact the Atlanteans, many of whom wanted England kept at a distance.

Nonetheless, English affairs found their way onto Atlantean shores. In 1470, the Earl of Warwick, a one-time supporter of Edward IV was exiled to Atlantis. He initiated a brief tyrannical reign over New Hastings before he was toppled and killed.

During the English Reformation, Henry VIII tried to impose Protestantism on the English settlements of Atlantis. While he had some success, far more English Atlanteans clung to Catholicism than did Englishmen, and the government did not have the stomach for the difficult task of suppressing recusancy in the always-willful colony.

Another century later, England again asserted itself in Atlantean affairs when the sundry pirates and corsairs who made their base in Avalon, Atlantis grew intolerable to English shipping. English naval forces joined with Dutch and Atlantean ships to form an armada to subdue the pirates once and for all. Despite these cooperation, Atlantean political leaders were able to keep the mother country at arms length.

In the eighteenth century, after England had become the core of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, England's traditional rivalry with France spilled over into Atlantis, as soldiers and subjects of both England and France did battle, with England ultimately pushing France out of Atlantis.

England in In High PlacesEdit

In an alternate where the Great Black Deaths killed 4/5 of the population of Europe, England never became an important power. Instead, it was Europe's backwater (which in turn was the backwater of the world). English was in general spoken only in England; people of other countries had no special reason to study it and English merchants abroad usually spoke French or Arabic. As noted by Annette Klein, the English of this timeline was very different from that of the Home timeline, and she could only understand about half the words. She thought it might have evolved from the dialect of Yorkshire.

England in Ruled BritanniaEdit

England was ruled by Elizabeth until 1588, when it was invaded and conquered by a Spanish army under the Duke of Parma. Spain's King Philip II overthrew Elizabeth and administered England as a part of the Spanish Empire through his daughter, Isabella whom he installed as Queen of England; her husband, Albert, became King of England. This continued until Philip's death ten years later, at which point Isabella was overthrown by a plot engineered and executed by William and Robert Cecil. The Spaniards were expelled, and Elizabeth was restored to the throne.

In the sixteenth century, England alternated between the Catholic and Protestant religions as state religions on five separate occasions.

v · d · e Agent of Byzantium Characters Basil Argyros • Muhammad Stories Departures · The Eyes of Argos · Strange Eruptions · Pillar of Cloud, Pillar of Fire · Unholy Trinity · Archetypes · Images · Superwine Geography Byzantine Empire

v · d · e Atlantis Books Opening Atlantis ("New Hastings", "Avalon", "Nouveau Redon") • The United States of Atlantis • Liberating Atlantis 1 of 4 Add photo Short Stories "Audubon in Atlantis" • "The Scarlet Band" POV Characters Edward Radcliffe • Henry Radcliffe • Richard Radcliffe • William Radcliff • Red Rodney Radcliffe • Victor Radcliff • Roland Kersauzon • Frederick Radcliff • Leland Newton • Jeremiah Stafford • John James Audubon • James Walton Secondary Characters François Kersauzon • Earl of Warwick • Ethel Radcliffe • Blaise Black • Charles Cornwallis • Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon • Meg Radcliff • Custis Cawthorne • Isaac Fenner • George III of Britain • Louis XVI of France • Marquis de Lafayette • Habakkuk Biddiscombe • Nicholas Radcliff • Helen Radcliff • Lorenzo • Athelstan Helms Geography Atlantis Events Battle of the Strand • Avalon • French and Spanish War • Atlantean War of Independence • Atlantean Servile Insurrection

v · d · e Ruled Britannia POV Characters William Shakespeare • Lope de Vega Secondary Characters Elizabeth I of England • William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley • Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury • Christopher Marlowe • Cicily Sellis • Philip II of Spain • Richard Burbage • Will Kemp • Enrique • Diego • Baltasar Guzman Geography England • Spain Events Anglo-Spanish War • Boudicca